Iran

Country Profile

Islamic Republic of Iran

Iran Economy

Iran's economy is a mixture of central planning, state ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture, and small- scale private trading and service ventures.

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity):

$852.6 billion (2007 est.)

GDP-real growth rate:

 4/3% (2007est)

GDP-per capita):

$12,300 (2007 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

 Lowest 10%: NA, Highest 10%: NA

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

 17% (July 2007 est.)

Labor force:

 24.36 million

Note: shortage of skilled labor (2005est)

Labor force – by occupation:

 Agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (2001est)

Budget: revenues: $64 billion, Expenditures: $64 billion (2007 est.) 

Industries:

 Petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabrication, armaments

Industrial production growth rate:

 4.8% excluding oil (2007 est.)

Electricity production:

170.4 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity-consumption:

136.2 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity-exports:

2.761 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity – imports:

2.074 billion kWh (2005)

Oil – production:

4.15 million bbl/day (2006 est.)

Oil-consumption:

1.63 million bbl/day (2006 est.)

Oil - exports:

2.52 million bbl/day (2006 est.)

Oil - imports:

 153,600 bbl/day (2004)

Oil - proved reserves:

132.5 billion bbl based on Iranian claims (1 January 2006 est.)

Natural gas - production:

101 billion cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:

98.19 billion cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - exports:

 4.33 billion cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - imports:   

5.8 billion cu m (2005) 

Natural gas - proved reserves:

 26.37 trillion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)

Current account balance:

$19 billion (2007 est.)

Exports: $76.5 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets.63 million bbl/day (2006 est.)

Export-partners:

 Japan 14/1%, China 12/9%, Italy 6/3%, , South Korea 5.7%, Taiwan 4%, Turkey 7/3%, Netherlands4.6 % (2005) 

Imports:

 $61.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) 

Imports - commodities:

Industrial raw materials and intermediate goods, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services 

Imports - partners:

Germany 12.2%, China 10.5%, UAE 9.3%, France 5.6%, Italy 5.4%, South Korea 5.4%, Russia 4.4% (2006) 

Economic aid - recipient:

$104 million (2005 est.) 

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$69.2 billion (2007 est.) 

Debt - external:

$13.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.) 

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$45.2 billion (December 2007) 

Currency code:

Iranian rial( IRR )

Iran Geography

Location:

Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman. The Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan

Geographic coordinates:

 3200 N, 5300 E

Map references:

 Middle East

Area: total:

1.648 million sq km

Land:

 1.636 million sq km

Water:

 12,000sqkm

Land boundaries:

 Total: 5,440 km

Border countries:

 Afghanistan 936km,Armenia 35km,Azerbaijan-proper 432km,Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909km,Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992km

Climate:

 Mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast

Terrain:

Rugged, mountainous rim; high; central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts 

Elevation extremes:

 Lowest point: Caspian Sea-28m

Highest point: Kuh-e Damavand 5,671 m

Natural resources:

 Petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur

Land use:

 Arable land: 9.78%

Permanent crops: 1.29%

Other: 88.93% (2005)

Irrigated land:

 76.500 sqkm (2003est)

Iran Government

Country name:

Conventional long form: Islamic republic of Iran

Conventional Short form: Iran

Local Long Form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran

Capital:

Tehran

Administrative divisions:

30 provinces

Independence:

1April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)

Constitution:

 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime minister ship

Legal system:

 The constitution codifies Islamic principles of government

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

Chief of state: Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989)

Head of government: President Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD (since 3 Agust 2005)

Iran Population

Population:

65,397,521 (July 2007 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 23.2% (male 7,783,794/female 7,385,721)

15-64 years: 71.4% (male 23,636,883/female 23,088,934)

65 years and over: 5.4% (male 1,701,727/female 1,800,462) (2007est)

Population growth rate:

 0.663% (2007est)

Birth rate:

16.57 births/1,000 population (2007est)

Death rate:

5.65 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Net migration rate:

 -4.29 migrant (s)/1,000 population (2007est)

Sex ratio:

At birth: 1.05, male(s)/female

Under 15 years: 1.054 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.024 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.945 male(s)/female

Total population: 1.026 male(s)/female (2007est)

Infant mortality rate:

 Total: 38.12 deaths/1,000 live births

Male: 38.29 deaths/1,000 live births

Female: 37.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2007est)

Life expectancy at birth:

Total population: 70.56 years

Male: 69.12 years

Female: 72.07 years (2007est)

Total fertility rate:

1.71 children born/woman (2007est)

Nationality:

Iranian

Ethnic groups:

Persian 51%, Azeri24%,Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%,Kurd 7%,Arab 3%,Lur2%,Baloch 2%,Turkmen 2%, other 1%

Religions:

Muslim 98%, other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i) 2%.

Languages:

Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%,Kurdish 9%, Luri2%,Balochi 1%,Arabic 1%,Turkish 1%, other 2%

Literacy:

Definition:

Age 15 and over can read and write

Total population: 79.4%

Male: 85.6%

Female: 73 %( 2003est)